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What you'll do in college

Religion and theology majors take a comparative approach to the world's religious traditions, sacred texts, and spiritual practices. Coursework spans biblical studies, world religions, theology, religious history, and the intersection of religion with culture, politics, and ethics. Ministry and pastoral tracks add practical training in counseling, worship leadership, and community outreach.

The major is reading- and discussion-intensive, with small seminars and research papers that demand careful interpretation of complex texts. Many students pair it with study abroad or service-learning experiences.

What you'll do after college

Grads pursue careers in ministry, chaplaincy, religious education, nonprofit leadership, social work, counseling, journalism, and academia. Many continue to divinity school (M.Div.) or seminary for ordination, or to graduate programs in religious studies, theology, or ethics.

The analytical and interpersonal skills the major builds transfer well to law, education, healthcare, and community organizing. Pay varies widely—ministry and nonprofit roles tend to be modest, while those who move into law, consulting, or institutional leadership earn more.

Famous graduates

  • Phil Jackson — Legendary NBA coach; B.A. in Philosophy, Religion, and Psychology from University of North Dakota

Selectivity vs. earnings

By acceptance rate

$51,746
686
100–85%
$48,748
1,603
85–63%
$50,619
1,651
63–50%
$55,490
656
50–0%
Acceptance rate · bar = degree-weighted earnings

By SAT median

$49,258
409
400–1090
$50,967
951
1090–1190
$51,646
951
1190–1340
$59,976
406
1340–1600
Combined SAT composite median (submitters + non-submitters) · bar = degree-weighted earnings

Earnings by acceptance rate and institution category

$43,489p10 $63,626p90 Liberal Arts Public University Religious University Private University 20–30% 10–20% 0–10% Kenyon College · $53,862 Lafayette College · $70,055 Franklin and Marshall College · $61,494 Bucknell University · $81,796 Oberlin College · $55,975 Muhlenberg College · $60,425 Mount Holyoke College · $52,304 Scripps College · $57,570 Gettysburg College · $56,309 Whitman College · $47,270 Hampden-Sydney College · $64,678 Florida Southern College · $52,251 Dickinson College · $61,553 Occidental College · $50,812 Oakwood University · $48,456 Centre College · $59,106 Furman University · $47,115 Kalamazoo College · $49,979 Providence College · $57,976 Grove City College · $53,466 Rhodes College · $60,497 Lake Forest College · $57,255 Tabor College · $54,391 Nazareth University · $49,801 DePauw University · $63,994 University of the South · $61,742 Wabash College · $70,432 Friends University · $57,367 Allegheny College · $52,025 Albion College · $52,467 Cornell College · $47,193 Carroll College · $53,850 College of Saint Benedict · $51,087 Dordt University · $55,159 Erskine College · $36,473 Texas Lutheran University · $51,607 Agnes Scott College · $50,049 Belhaven University · $50,588 Arizona Christian University · $38,440 Crown College · $45,014 Drew University · $51,165 Drury University · $56,250 Presbyterian College · $53,747 King University · $52,677 Hobart William Smith Colleges · $63,399 Ottawa University - Ottawa · $52,541 Calvin University · $44,950 Hendrix College · $52,759 North Central College · $54,013 Huntingdon College · $45,980 Eckerd College · $46,344 Saint Mary's College of California · $58,373 Saint Mary-of-the-Woods College · $41,220 Bethel College - North Newton · $52,918 Juniata College · $53,869 Loras College · $58,101 Pfeiffer University · $52,240 Spring Hill College · $56,486 Whitworth University · $56,500 University of Puget Sound · $43,053 Gustavus Adolphus College · $60,023 Hanover College · $43,401 Taylor University · $55,859 Lipscomb University · $49,709 New College of Florida · $44,045 Covenant College · $41,884 Allen University · $39,999 Central College · $57,166 Georgetown College · $51,598 Lawrence University · $49,819 St Catherine University · $51,556 Augsburg University · $53,183 Hamline University · $50,516 Luther College · $46,425 Lycoming College · $50,265 Moravian University · $59,013 Lewis & Clark College · $50,407 Houghton University · $40,745 Huntington University · $42,597 Westmont College · $51,999 Greenville University · $44,181 Mars Hill University · $48,762 Roanoke College · $50,576 Wittenberg University · $54,664 Guilford College · $47,517 Saint Mary's College (IN) · $60,872 University of Redlands · $52,911 Wartburg College · $51,720 Randolph-Macon College · $55,606 Schreiner University · $47,845 West Virginia Wesleyan College · $52,938 Hope College · $36,780 Pacific Lutheran University · $52,288 Aquinas College · $48,383 Bethel University · $53,670 Simpson College · $61,386 Briar Cliff University · $53,875 Edgewood College · $56,307 Franklin College · $55,217 Barton College · $46,622 Hartwick College · $53,589 Viterbo University · $59,935 University of Mary Hardin-Baylor · $52,788 University of Georgia · $58,024 University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign · $59,390 William & Mary · $63,045 Binghamton University · $53,784 San Diego State University · $47,557 University of California, Santa Barbara · $54,712 University of Wisconsin - Eau Claire · $54,348 North Carolina State University · $55,714 University of South Florida · $45,495 University of Wisconsin - Madison · $59,179 University of Tennessee, Knoxville · $59,701 University of Washington · $56,136 Clemson University · $54,962 University of Central Florida · $51,400 Purdue University · $59,879 University of Maryland, College Park · $62,689 Cal State Long Beach · $46,309 University of California, Davis · $53,042 Ohio State University · $57,773 CUNY Brooklyn College · $55,546 Cal State Fullerton · $46,694 Virginia Tech · $63,051 Pennsylvania State University · $60,663 University of South Carolina · $52,711 Georgia State University · $25,900 Florida Atlantic University · $43,555 University of Pittsburgh · $54,534 University of Massachusetts - Amherst · $57,958 University of New Mexico · $50,213 Florida International University · $45,984 Louisiana State University - Alexandria · $52,185 University of Minnesota - Twin Cities · $61,061 Ball State University · $53,264 Rutgers University - New Brunswick · $58,058 University of Colorado Boulder · $60,604 University of Alabama · $59,213 College of Charleston · $52,453 University of California, Santa Cruz · $49,315 University of Vermont · $51,687 Miami University - Ohio · $57,738 University of Houston · $55,814 Indiana University · $56,677 Rowan University · $53,369 University of Missouri · $60,155 University of Oklahoma - Norman · $62,731 University of North Carolina at Charlotte · $53,169 Middle Tennessee State University · $50,247 Oregon State University · $51,850 Coastal Carolina University · $50,229 University of Iowa · $55,506 Cal State Bakersfield · $53,486 Portland State University · $49,482 University of North Texas · $47,024 University of North Carolina Asheville · $44,018 University of Utah · $59,466 Western Michigan University · $51,146 Michigan State University · $58,270 University of Arizona · $53,127 Indiana University - Indianapolis · $52,881 University of California, Riverside · $50,857 Temple University · $48,782 George Mason University · $59,334 University of Nebraska at Omaha · $59,706 University of Oregon · $52,906 Iowa State University · $59,486 Cal State Northridge · $56,834 Towson University · $54,122 University of Hawaii at Manoa · $47,372 Arizona State University · $63,428 University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee · $51,438 Chico State · $50,592 Texas State University · $51,264 Western Kentucky University · $49,010 University of Central Arkansas · $52,797 Utah State University · $53,486 Missouri State University - Springfield · $34,338 University of Kansas · $60,003 Virginia Commonwealth University · $44,908 Cal Poly - Humboldt · $43,920 San Francisco State University · $50,735 Western Washington University · $49,100 Appalachian State University · $50,514 Washburn University · $57,913 Hope International University · $44,408 Ohio Christian University · $38,955 Regent University · $52,150 Union University · $49,306 Columbia International University · $41,049 Point University · $41,603 Santa Clara University · $66,111 Southern Methodist University · $69,171 Texas Christian University · $61,035 Loyola Marymount University · $51,984 Saint Olaf College · $53,704 Liberty University · $52,341 Azusa Pacific University · $40,548 Belmont Abbey College · $51,578 Loyola University New Orleans · $51,361 Mississippi Christian University · $45,097 Baylor University · $50,446 Warner University · $43,237 Brescia University · $50,102 John Brown University · $47,839 LeTourneau University · $53,829 Oklahoma Wesleyan University · $56,990 William Carey University · $48,422 Franciscan Missionaries of Our Lady University · $57,009 Walla Walla University · $55,748 Oklahoma Baptist University · $50,599 Charleston Southern University · $44,533 Southern Wesleyan University · $42,488 Asbury University · $41,696 California Lutheran University · $53,373 Capital University · $50,283 Kentucky Christian University · $53,167 Pacific Union College · $39,772 Southwestern Adventist University · $58,380 Texas Wesleyan University · $50,828 Emmanuel University · $51,788 Howard Payne University · $48,583 Fordham University · $61,991 College of Wooster · $49,833 Andrews University · $58,384 Creighton University · $53,935 Milligan University · $51,537 University of Dayton · $63,068 Biola University · $44,548 Olivet Nazarene University · $42,859 Southeastern University · $46,508 University of San Francisco · $50,437 Anderson University · $48,802 Cedarville University · $62,504 Harding University · $52,211 Manhattan University · $63,339 Missouri Baptist University · $43,780 Toccoa Falls College · $40,564 Washington Adventist University · $47,357 Wheaton College (IL) · $51,884 York University · $52,402 Yeshiva University · $57,120 Central Baptist College · $47,851 Evangel University · $45,811 University of Mobile · $43,694 Williams Baptist University · $51,496 Clark Atlanta University · $49,056 Albright College · $53,616 Cairn University - Langhorne · $41,778 Campbellsville University · $41,016 East Texas Baptist University · $52,872 Faulkner University · $51,857 Franciscan University of Steubenville · $43,671 MidAmerica Nazarene University · $53,315 Shaw University · $44,053 Spring Arbor University · $47,631 American University · $63,838 La Sierra University · $50,796 Sacred Heart University · $62,159 Stonehill College · $61,424 Kentucky Wesleyan College · $41,136 North Park University · $48,308 Rockhurst University · $63,431 Simpson University · $43,779 Ashland University · $49,510 Averett University · $54,599 Barry University · $36,529 California Baptist University · $45,363 Concordia University - Nebraska · $57,728 Concordia University - Saint Paul · $75,199 Mid-America Christian University · $42,871 Bethany Lutheran College · $51,847 Bushnell University · $48,389 Concordia University Wisconsin · $58,905 Eastern University · $49,715 Seton Hall University · $54,541 Xavier University of Louisiana · $43,877 Pepperdine University · $55,357 Loyola University Maryland · $64,197 Abilene Christian University · $50,062 North Greenville University · $51,738 Saint Leo University · $38,752 Lee University · $48,319 Assumption University · $43,694 Baker University · $59,520 Mount Saint Mary College · $54,288 Newman University · $40,654 Chapman University · $57,926 Lindsey Wilson College · $49,871 Salve Regina University · $55,292 Oakland City University · $49,079 University of Dallas · $55,547 Emmanuel College · $52,724 College of St. Scholastica · $55,458 Morningside University · $60,734 Ouachita Baptist University · $43,920 Seton Hill University · $50,169 Southern Adventist University · $53,738 Vanguard University of Southern California · $42,698 Colorado Christian University · $49,296 Mercer University · $55,361 Saint Louis University · $55,203 Waynesburg University · $47,515 Loyola University Chicago · $54,025 University of Dubuque · $73,030 Louisiana Christian University · $49,478 Gordon College · $48,349 Touro University · $50,154 University of Sioux Falls · $52,273 Fresno Pacific University · $50,314 Marquette University · $56,370 McMurry University · $47,491 Trevecca Nazarene University · $60,361 Malone University · $48,056 The Master's University and Seminary · $31,691 Saint Vincent College · $50,563 DeSales University · $42,447 Carson-Newman University · $45,019 Gardner-Webb University · $41,088 Geneva College · $41,144 Oklahoma City University · $58,781 University of Mary · $58,400 Samford University · $55,457 Benedictine University · $54,083 Brewton-Parker College · $52,804 Georgian Court University · $52,661 Immaculata University · $52,583 Walsh University · $57,767 Maranatha Baptist University · $50,172 University of Scranton · $63,832 North Carolina Wesleyan University · $35,220 Concordia University - Irvine · $42,292 Mount Mercy University · $54,426 Saint Joseph's College of Maine · $52,010 Shorter University · $46,800 Wayland Baptist University · $44,032 Messiah University · $42,624 Marywood University · $52,953 Mercyhurst University · $46,096 Mount St. Mary's University · $60,661 University of Northwestern - St Paul · $49,449 Grace College and Theological Seminary · $40,903 University of Mount Olive · $44,161 Point Loma Nazarene University · $48,317 Xavier University · $54,545 Regis University · $51,265 Houston Christian University · $50,916 Oral Roberts University · $55,409 Saint John's University (MN) · $57,854 St. John's University - New York · $53,739 University of the Cumberlands · $52,835 Central Christian College of Kansas · $50,593 Martin Luther College · $65,922 Catholic University of America · $49,535 Holy Cross College · $40,868 Duquesne University · $52,016 Campbell University · $53,652 Emory & Henry University · $46,400 Mount Vernon Nazarene University · $45,087 Northwest Nazarene University · $34,935 Freed-Hardeman University · $49,091 Northwest University · $44,506 Concordia University Texas · $44,105 Palm Beach Atlantic University · $36,382 Valparaiso University · $53,890 Montreat College · $41,186 Cornerstone University · $48,307 Indiana Wesleyan University · $49,765 Saint Edward's University · $54,113 Seattle Pacific University · $47,580 St. Mary's University · $51,578 George Fox University · $38,151 Concordia University - Chicago · $51,821 Saint Martin's University · $40,117 Bellarmine University · $42,571 Belmont University · $51,536 Corban University · $43,864 Dallas Baptist University · $58,084 North Central University · $42,089 University of the Incarnate Word · $52,025 Virginia Union University · $40,855 Bryan College - Dayton · $39,526 Hardin-Simmons University · $52,128 Lubbock Christian University · $55,194 Morris College · $52,379 Southwestern Christian University · $50,547 Southwest Baptist University · $44,899 Thomas More University · $61,857 Oklahoma Christian University · $52,644 Saint Mary's University of Minnesota · $55,564 University of Saint Thomas (TX) · $50,772 Wisconsin Lutheran College · $61,331 Rochester University · $43,550 Union Adventist University · $43,489 Benedictine College · $44,938 Central Methodist University · $44,117 Blue Mountain Christian University · $69,456 Grand View University · $45,508 Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary · $80,970 Southern Nazarene University · $49,045 Case Western Reserve University · $64,043 University of Rochester · $63,217 George Washington University · $64,037 Hampton University · $54,674 Elon University · $64,235 Hofstra University · $55,287 Daemen University · $48,907 Ithaca College · $53,820 Stetson University · $52,075 Bradley University · $59,152 Butler University · $61,341 University of Denver · $58,854 Lehigh University · $76,159 University of Florida · $44,101 Florida State University · $46,415 University of Texas at Austin · $62,521 CUNY Hunter College · $54,292 University of California, San Diego · $49,973 Hillsdale College · $57,743 Vassar College · $53,514 Carleton College · $55,550 Colorado College · $52,749 Smith College · $50,511 Skidmore College · $53,810 Trinity University · $55,919 Pitzer College · $54,814 Morehouse College · $59,331 Bryn Mawr College · $49,772 Macalester College · $50,170 Reed College · $46,072 Trinity College (CT) · $69,545 Emory University · $81,505 Tufts University · $64,446 University of Southern California · $62,644 Washington University in St Louis · $62,975 Boston University · $59,894 Northeastern University · $62,753 University of Miami · $61,175 Wake Forest University · $75,498 University of Virginia · $67,754 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · $61,918 Georgetown University · $69,034 Boston College · $56,513 Barnard College · $64,134 Davidson College · $62,725 Middlebury College · $64,098 Haverford College · $63,704 Washington & Lee University · $67,223 Hamilton College · $62,585 Grinnell College · $60,322 Bates College · $64,697 Wellesley College · $60,846 Wesleyan University · $61,728 College of the Holy Cross · $74,640 Colgate University · $71,787 Denison University · $62,486 Yale University · $68,328 Stanford University · $68,549 Harvard University · $67,204 Princeton University · $65,071 University of Chicago · $67,948 Columbia University · $62,497 University of Pennsylvania · $68,133 Duke University · $49,236 Dartmouth · $70,362 Brown University · $63,626 Northwestern University · $64,324 Rice University · $64,260 Cornell University · $67,760 New York University · $62,610 UCLA · $59,877 University of Notre Dame · $58,842 Bowdoin College · $70,367 Pomona College · $64,882 Swarthmore College · $64,762 Amherst College · $67,764 Colby College · $66,185 College of the Ozarks · $43,724 Williams College · $71,286 Liberal Arts: mean $52,787 Public University: mean $53,458 Religious University: mean $50,552 Private University: mean $58,304 20–30%: mean $54,893 10–20%: mean $65,083 0–10%: mean $64,243 All colleges: p10 $43,489 All colleges: p90 $63,626
Each dot = a college · y = degree-weighted earnings

Majors in this category

Major Colleges Degrees ▼ Male/Female Intl Earnings Employment
Religion 559 4,596 54% / 46% 2% $50,956 93%
Religious Studies 281 1,170 52% / 48% 2% $54,978 91%
Biblical Studies 70 590 67% / 33% 1% $48,052 92%
Theology 83 451 55% / 45% 3% $51,265 94%
Ministry 28 346 38% / 62% 1% $47,291 94%
Christian Studies 45 267 58% / 42% 1% $49,751 95%
Religion 72 235 45% / 55% 2% $56,925 93%
Youth Ministry 41 131 51% / 49% 2% $46,395 95%
Religious Education 22 116 37% / 63% 2% $46,713 97%
Divinity/Ministry 10 110 69% / 31% 2% $47,061 92%
Christian Ministry 12 108 62% / 38% 1% $48,475 96%
Theology/Theological Studies 22 101 41% / 59% 3% $48,416 94%
Worship Leadership 2 75 55% / 45% 1% $45,827 100%
Jewish Studies 26 67 30% / 70% 1% $58,961 90%
Pastoral Studies/Counseling 14 67 55% / 45% 4% $49,397 91%
Biblical and Theological Studies 4 60 65% / 35% 0% $45,479 100%
Pastoral Ministry 9 53 58% / 42% 0% $48,155 95%
Missions 17 41 34% / 66% 0% $49,917 100%
Worship Ministry 14 40 45% / 55% 0% $50,470
Christian Leadership & Church Ministries 1 35 49% / 51% 0% $53,786 86%
Ministry Leadership 1 30 47% / 53% 0% $46,937 89%
Pre-Theology 5 29 90% / 10% 0% $49,783 95%
Ministry Studies 5 28 68% / 32% 0% $51,694 92%
Pre-Ministry 2 28 100% / 0% 0% $56,468 94%
Theology and Religious Vocations 12 26 69% / 31% 4% $50,082 100%
Biblical Literature 2 24 62% / 38% 0% $54,131
Youth Ministries 1 24 50% / 50% 4% $50,083 92%
Worship Arts 13 22 32% / 68% 0% $48,646 96%
Lay Ministry 11 20 60% / 40% 0% $42,032 96%
Intercultural Studies 8 19 21% / 79% 0% $40,866 86%
Pastoral Leadership 1 16 88% / 12% 6% $50,083 92%
Theology & Apologetics 1 15 80% / 20% 0% $49,924
Religion and Cultural Studies 1 14 36% / 64% 0% $51,400
Judaic Studies 8 12 17% / 83% 0% $57,672
Theological and Ministerial Studies 3 12 25% / 75% 0% $55,328 93%
Religion and Culture 2 12 50% / 50% 0% $56,076
Worship Studies 2 12 50% / 50% 0% $51,916
World Missions 1 11 55% / 45% 0% $54,536
Worship Arts and Ministry 1 11 45% / 55% 0% $46,807
Specialized Ministry 2 10 50% / 50% 0% $45,056 95%
Biblical Counseling 1 9 22% / 78% 0% $76,017
Religious Vocations 1 9 44% / 56% 0% $41,983
Urban Ministry 6 8 50% / 50% 0% $45,005 91%
Pastoral Ministries 2 8 75% / 25% 0% $37,164 93%
Church Music 6 7 57% / 43% 0% $49,963
Bible and Ministry 1 7 71% / 29% 0% $50,872
Family Ministry 1 7 0% / 100% 0% $45,932
Pre-Ministerial Studies 1 7 71% / 29% 0% $43,045 86%
Christian Missions 3 6 50% / 50% 0% $43,678
Bible & Theology 2 6 83% / 17% 0% $45,556
Religious Music and Worship 2 6 50% / 50% 0% $41,226
Biblical Text 1 5 80% / 20% 0% $53,295
Church Administration 1 5 60% / 40% 0% $48,826
Pastoral Counseling and Specialized Ministries 3 4 50% / 50% 0% $51,641
Pre-Theology/Pre-Ministerial Studies 2 4 75% / 25% 0% $52,872 96%
Global Engagement 1 4 0% / 100% 0% $40,794 84%
Worship and Music Studies 1 4 75% / 25% 0% $42,928
Bible and Theology 4 3 67% / 33% 0% $46,687
Music (Worship Leadership) 1 3 100% / 0% 0% $50,012
Pre-Seminary Studies 1 3 67% / 33% 0% $52,362
Religious Traditions 1 3 0% / 100% 0% $47,372
Student Ministry 1 3 100% / 0% 0% $76,927
Worship Arts & Music Ministry 1 3 33% / 67% 0% $41,221
Music Ministry 3 2 50% / 50% 0% $46,322
Catholic Studies 2 2 50% / 50% 0% $59,968
Intercultural Studies (Missions) 2 2 0% / 100% 0% $47,125
Pre-Theology/Pre-Ministerial 2 2 100% / 0% 0% $49,342 89%
Theology and Ministerial Studies 2 2 50% / 50% 0% $61,882 94%
Christian Education (Cross-Cultural Ministry) 1 2 50% / 50% 0% $49,070
Comparative Religion 1 2 50% / 50% 0% $56,136
Missional Engagement 1 2 0% / 100% 0% $53,186
Pastoral Counseling 1 2 100% / 0% 0% $41,998 97%
World Religions 1 2 50% / 50% 0% $53,369
Islamic Studies 4 1 0% / 100% 0% $60,717
Pre-Ministry Studies 2 1 100% / 0% 0% $45,022
Christian Education 1 1 100% / 0% 0% $50,856
Christian Ministry: Missions 1 1 0% / 100% 0% $48,469
Christian Missions and Church Planting 1 1 0% / 100% 0% $42,537
Cross-Cultural Ministry 1 1 100% / 0% 0% $50,671
Modern Jewish Studies 1 1 0% / 100% 0% $50,735
Music and Worship Leadership 1 1 0% / 100% 0% $42,279
Religion and Church Leadership 1 1 100% / 0% 0% $44,117
Theological Studies 1 1 100% / 0% 0% $51,984
Theology and Religious Studies 1 1 100% / 0% 0% $58,373
Theology/Religious Studies 1 1 0% / 100% 0% $63,832
Theology: Mission and Ministry 1 1 100% / 0% 0% $55,407
Youth and Family Ministry 1 1 100% / 0% 0% $51,869
Bible 1 0 $49,071
Bible, Theology and Ministry 1 0 $43,391
Biblical Studies (Missions) 1 0 $56,556
Christian Studies: Missions 1 0 $53,072
Global Studies and Service 1 0 $45,499
Music & Worship 1 0 $53,328
Music with Church Music Concentration 1 0 $48,618
Music: Worship Arts 1 0 $42,739
Religion Studies 1 0 $60,216
Religion and Contemporary Issues 1 0 $55,099
Religion and the Arts 1 0 $57,513
Religion, Ethics & Meaning 1 0 $53,221
Religion: Biblical Studies Emphasis 1 0 $40,548
Womens Ministry 1 0 $43,031