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What you'll do in college

Religion and theology majors take a comparative approach to the world's religious traditions, sacred texts, and spiritual practices. Coursework spans biblical studies, world religions, theology, religious history, and the intersection of religion with culture, politics, and ethics. Ministry and pastoral tracks add practical training in counseling, worship leadership, and community outreach.

The major is reading- and discussion-intensive, with small seminars and research papers that demand careful interpretation of complex texts. Many students pair it with study abroad or service-learning experiences.

What you'll do after college

Grads pursue careers in ministry, chaplaincy, religious education, nonprofit leadership, social work, counseling, journalism, and academia. Many continue to divinity school (M.Div.) or seminary for ordination, or to graduate programs in religious studies, theology, or ethics.

The analytical and interpersonal skills the major builds transfer well to law, education, healthcare, and community organizing. Pay varies widely—ministry and nonprofit roles tend to be modest, while those who move into law, consulting, or institutional leadership earn more.

Famous graduates

  • Phil Jackson — Legendary NBA coach; B.A. in Philosophy, Religion, and Psychology from University of North Dakota

Selectivity vs. earnings

By acceptance rate

$49,514
671
100–85%
$48,573
1,521
85–62%
$47,864
1,603
62–45%
$50,708
604
45–0%
Acceptance rate · bar = degree-weighted earnings

By SAT median

$47,217
384
400–1090
$49,589
878
1090–1200
$48,259
885
1200–1350
$57,670
378
1350–1600
Combined SAT composite median (submitters + non-submitters) · bar = degree-weighted earnings

Earnings vs. selectivity rank

$43,283p10 $61,009p90 Arts Work College Female-only Liberal Arts Public University Religious University Private University Liberal Arts 1–15 Public University 1–15 Private University 1–30 Oklahoma City University · $52,752 College of the Ozarks · $44,900 Barnard College · $61,009 Wellesley College · $55,988 Smith College · $54,151 Mount Holyoke College · $54,876 Scripps College · $52,630 Agnes Scott College · $49,165 Bates College · $61,029 Denison University · $55,172 Vassar College · $54,714 Carleton College · $57,132 Colorado College · $53,505 Skidmore College · $55,074 Trinity University · $53,927 Morehouse College · $53,540 Macalester College · $53,236 Reed College · $47,444 Trinity College (CT) · $62,309 Hillsdale College · $53,620 Kenyon College · $53,786 Lafayette College · $65,633 Franklin and Marshall College · $60,437 Bucknell University · $68,443 Dickinson College · $59,792 Oberlin College · $48,803 Gettysburg College · $56,095 Muhlenberg College · $57,227 Whitman College · $50,016 Florida Southern College · $50,998 Hampden-Sydney College · $55,290 Oakwood University · $47,668 Furman University · $47,121 Occidental College · $54,493 Barton College · $45,407 University of the South · $60,140 Wabash College · $70,436 Centre College · $56,854 Kalamazoo College · $52,126 Providence College · $60,675 Grove City College · $53,036 Rhodes College · $54,429 Lake Forest College · $52,210 Allegheny College · $54,850 Nazareth University · $49,653 DePauw University · $51,871 Friends University · $52,702 Albion College · $49,037 Carroll College · $53,174 College of Saint Benedict · $51,509 Dordt University · $54,050 Texas Lutheran University · $50,048 Belhaven University · $48,871 Arizona Christian University · $43,546 Crown College · $40,660 Drew University · $51,409 Drury University · $46,517 King University · $49,962 Hendrix College · $51,910 Hope College · $36,781 North Central College · $53,380 Huntingdon College · $47,756 Eckerd College · $40,728 Saint Mary's College of California · $54,570 Presbyterian College · $51,764 Juniata College · $49,923 Loras College · $53,434 Spring Hill College · $51,219 Whitworth University · $41,458 Wittenberg University · $50,339 University of Puget Sound · $43,053 Gustavus Adolphus College · $55,108 Hanover College · $47,246 Taylor University · $56,083 Lipscomb University · $51,531 Allen University · $38,934 Calvin University · $48,157 Lawrence University · $43,705 Lycoming College · $49,471 Augsburg University · $50,142 Hamline University · $50,643 Luther College · $46,587 Lewis & Clark College · $48,271 Houghton University · $43,298 Huntington University · $43,590 Westmont College · $51,722 Roanoke College · $51,213 Guilford College · $44,471 Saint Mary's College (IN) · $54,875 University of Redlands · $45,988 Wartburg College · $47,944 West Virginia Wesleyan College · $51,423 Pacific Lutheran University · $43,535 Aquinas College · $46,440 Bethel University · $51,675 Covenant College · $47,202 Simpson College · $55,933 Edgewood College · $53,265 Hartwick College · $53,527 University of Mary Hardin-Baylor · $54,123 CUNY Hunter College · $47,890 William & Mary · $59,402 Binghamton University · $47,445 San Diego State University · $45,755 University of California, Santa Barbara · $38,331 University of Wisconsin - Eau Claire · $51,069 University of South Florida · $45,495 University of Washington · $47,211 Clemson University · $52,081 Florida International University · $46,420 University of Central Florida · $48,435 Cal State Long Beach · $42,114 University of California, Davis · $53,042 University of Tennessee, Knoxville · $49,534 Ohio State University · $51,385 CUNY Brooklyn College · $46,819 Cal State Fullerton · $43,123 Virginia Tech · $58,795 University of South Carolina · $48,354 Pennsylvania State University · $55,441 Georgia State University · $25,901 Louisiana State University - Alexandria · $50,534 University of Pittsburgh · $53,544 University of New Mexico · $49,984 Appalachian State University · $45,738 University of Minnesota - Twin Cities · $56,492 Ball State University · $49,216 Rutgers University - New Brunswick · $52,758 Texas State University · $50,354 University of Colorado Boulder · $56,150 University of Alabama · $55,839 College of Charleston · $49,921 George Mason University · $55,757 Missouri State University - Springfield · $34,339 Temple University · $48,261 University of Central Arkansas · $52,477 University of North Carolina at Greensboro · $42,892 University of Oklahoma - Norman · $56,611 Virginia Commonwealth University · $46,041 University of Vermont · $48,615 Oregon State University · $49,546 University of Houston · $53,945 Indiana University · $54,683 Rowan University · $51,212 University of Missouri · $56,246 University of North Carolina at Charlotte · $49,034 Chico State · $50,976 Middle Tennessee State University · $47,537 Coastal Carolina University · $45,841 University of Iowa · $54,206 Cal State Bakersfield · $52,649 Portland State University · $43,645 University of North Texas · $49,584 Cal Poly - Humboldt · $43,212 University of North Carolina Asheville · $42,845 University of Utah · $52,421 Western Michigan University · $49,505 Michigan State University · $52,538 Indiana University - Indianapolis · $51,034 Iowa State University · $54,501 University of Arizona · $53,324 Western Kentucky University · $46,608 University of California, Riverside · $48,301 University of Nebraska at Omaha · $53,281 University of Oregon · $41,858 Arizona State University · $51,981 Cal State Northridge · $44,924 Towson University · $51,326 University of Hawaii at Manoa · $46,805 University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee · $45,810 University of Kansas · $56,185 Utah State University · $51,235 Western Washington University · $43,239 Washburn University · $53,042 University of Notre Dame · $50,375 Boston College · $56,512 College of the Holy Cross · $65,024 North Carolina Wesleyan University · $39,836 Mississippi Christian University · $45,097 Corban University · $44,450 College of Wooster · $49,094 Hope International University · $43,967 Ohio Christian University · $36,867 Regent University · $34,322 University of Dallas · $50,336 Union University · $46,588 Saint Olaf College · $39,302 Southeastern University · $42,941 Columbia International University · $40,453 Fordham University · $80,841 Point University · $42,343 Santa Clara University · $67,273 Saint Louis University · $55,217 Southern Methodist University · $63,518 Texas Christian University · $57,480 Loyola Marymount University · $52,800 Liberty University · $47,535 Azusa Pacific University · $40,498 Belmont Abbey College · $47,313 Loyola University New Orleans · $49,150 Baylor University · $48,132 Brescia University · $44,066 John Brown University · $43,877 Warner University · $45,864 LeTourneau University · $50,561 Oklahoma Wesleyan University · $56,276 Franciscan Missionaries of Our Lady University · $52,764 Walla Walla University · $51,578 Oklahoma Baptist University · $48,546 Yeshiva University · $57,881 Charleston Southern University · $45,376 Southern Wesleyan University · $42,490 William Carey University · $50,900 Asbury University · $44,456 California Lutheran University · $52,295 Capital University · $50,566 Kentucky Christian University · $46,185 Pacific Union College · $51,602 Southwestern Adventist University · $52,119 Texas Wesleyan University · $48,555 Howard Payne University · $48,948 Andrews University · $58,908 Creighton University · $58,368 Milligan University · $49,120 Spring Arbor University · $43,283 University of Dayton · $58,191 Biola University · $44,493 Olivet Nazarene University · $43,944 University of San Francisco · $52,561 Anderson University · $45,147 Bellarmine University · $47,841 Cedarville University · $64,425 Harding University · $55,865 Judson University · $45,256 Manhattan College · $56,540 Messiah University · $41,653 Missouri Baptist University · $44,294 Toccoa Falls College · $42,068 Washington Adventist University · $46,342 Wheaton College (IL) · $51,677 Concordia University Ann Arbor · $67,258 Evangel University · $44,432 University of Mobile · $43,697 Williams Baptist University · $49,150 Cairn University - Langhorne · $45,397 Campbellsville University · $43,970 East Texas Baptist University · $46,715 Faulkner University · $44,550 Franciscan University of Steubenville · $44,305 MidAmerica Nazarene University · $52,963 Shaw University · $43,205 Hannibal-LaGrange University · $45,574 American University · $57,566 La Sierra University · $48,942 Sacred Heart University · $58,119 North Park University · $46,973 Simpson University · $47,910 The Master's University and Seminary · $47,849 Ashland University · $48,331 Barry University · $47,320 California Baptist University · $44,900 Concordia University - Nebraska · $50,950 Concordia University - Saint Paul · $81,662 Bushnell University · $45,025 Concordia University Wisconsin · $72,475 Eastern University · $50,748 Seton Hall University · $51,041 Vanguard University of Southern California · $46,471 Pepperdine University · $52,825 Abilene Christian University · $49,194 North Greenville University · $49,668 Saint Leo University · $45,717 Lee University · $46,939 Newman University · $50,691 Saint Martin's University · $46,361 Chapman University · $52,929 Lindsey Wilson College · $41,609 Saint Vincent College · $49,629 Salve Regina University · $55,927 Oakland City University · $46,720 Emmanuel College · $50,063 Ouachita Baptist University · $42,826 Seton Hill University · $50,473 Southern Adventist University · $51,474 Colorado Christian University · $59,608 Mercer University · $52,445 Waynesburg University · $44,447 Loyola University Chicago · $53,689 Trinity Christian College · $50,868 University of Dubuque · $73,715 Louisiana Christian University · $49,664 Gordon College · $38,467 Touro University · $46,591 University of Sioux Falls · $48,322 Marquette University · $55,204 Trevecca Nazarene University · $47,684 Emmanuel University · $46,129 Malone University · $45,366 Carson-Newman University · $45,539 Chowan University · $42,489 Gardner-Webb University · $38,879 Geneva College · $40,173 University of Mary · $53,847 Benedictine University · $51,539 Brewton-Parker College · $50,369 Immaculata University · $49,141 Walsh University · $49,369 Maranatha Baptist University · $48,145 University of Scranton · $57,776 Concordia University - Irvine · $45,790 Mount Mercy University · $50,551 Regis University · $50,627 Saint Joseph's College of Maine · $47,931 Shorter University · $42,853 Wayland Baptist University · $47,092 Marywood University · $54,299 Mercyhurst University · $47,684 Mount St. Mary's University · $59,771 University of Northwestern - St Paul · $41,898 George Fox University · $38,151 Grace College and Theological Seminary · $49,458 University of Mount Olive · $45,324 Loyola University Maryland · $59,223 Point Loma Nazarene University · $48,002 Samford University · $54,666 Xavier University · $54,599 Houston Christian University · $52,153 Oral Roberts University · $43,989 Saint John's University (NY) · $56,979 Central Baptist College · $47,851 Central Christian College of Kansas · $48,219 Martin Luther College · $74,437 Catholic University of America · $49,538 Holy Cross College · $47,535 Campbell University · $50,657 Emory & Henry University · $45,876 Mount Vernon Nazarene University · $44,624 Concordia University - Chicago · $44,480 Northwest Nazarene University · $34,936 St. Mary's University · $49,614 Freed-Hardeman University · $51,071 Concordia University Texas · $50,318 Palm Beach Atlantic University · $38,306 Valparaiso University · $55,921 Cornerstone University · $46,448 Indiana Wesleyan University, Marion · $42,704 Saint Edward's University · $49,674 Seattle Pacific University · $45,015 Belmont University · $50,596 Dallas Baptist University · $48,764 North Central University · $44,264 University of the Incarnate Word · $47,845 Bryan College - Dayton · $45,682 Hardin-Simmons University · $48,393 Lubbock Christian University · $59,832 Mid-America Christian University · $42,871 Morris College · $39,443 Southwestern Christian University · $45,728 Southwest Baptist University · $44,226 Northwest University · $54,768 Saint Mary's University of Minnesota · $53,963 University of Saint Thomas (TX) · $48,487 Wisconsin Lutheran College · $53,734 Rochester University · $46,155 Union Adventist University · $52,999 Benedictine College · $41,225 Central Methodist University · $48,824 Blue Mountain Christian University · $69,456 Grand View University · $46,804 Indiana Wesleyan University - National & Global · $51,252 Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary · $82,756 Southern Nazarene University · $47,894 University of Miami · $55,589 Hampton University · $52,442 Clark Atlanta University · $45,581 Stetson University · $47,464 University of Rochester · $55,772 Hofstra University · $54,305 Elon University · $60,787 Hobart William Smith Colleges · $47,959 Bradley University · $56,226 Ithaca College · $52,363 Williams College · $60,756 Pomona College · $60,521 Swarthmore College · $62,563 Amherst College · $61,993 Bowdoin College · $62,973 Washington & Lee University · $64,856 Haverford College · $57,084 Middlebury College · $61,975 Colby College · $62,419 Hamilton College · $58,025 Davidson College · $61,712 Grinnell College · $54,271 Wesleyan University · $59,273 Colgate University · $61,050 University of Virginia · $61,698 UCLA · $51,251 University of Florida · $44,101 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · $52,463 University of Georgia · $56,326 Purdue University · $60,308 North Carolina State University · $56,068 University of Texas at Austin · $55,110 University of Wisconsin - Madison · $53,229 Florida State University · $53,599 University of California, San Diego · $44,216 Stanford University · $71,257 Yale University · $69,057 Harvard University · $70,698 University of Chicago · $67,952 Princeton University · $65,844 Brown University · $64,658 Dartmouth · $75,613 University of Pennsylvania · $81,496 Duke University · $49,237 Columbia University · $59,813 Rice University · $66,168 Northwestern University · $64,356 Georgetown University · $66,597 Cornell University · $64,575 Emory University · $81,508 Washington University in St Louis · $60,668 Tufts University · $62,513 University of Southern California · $67,529 New York University · $57,814 Wake Forest University · $67,720 Boston University · $54,145 Case Western Reserve University · $56,892 Northeastern University · $57,099 Lehigh University · $68,963 Arts: mean $52,752 Work College: mean $44,900 Female-only: mean $54,637 Liberal Arts: mean $51,544 Public University: mean $49,360 Religious University: mean $49,679 Private University: mean $52,849 Liberal Arts 1–15: mean $60,677 Public University 1–15: mean $53,488 Private University 1–30: mean $65,507 All colleges: p10 $43,283 All colleges: p90 $61,009
Each dot = a college · y = degree-weighted earnings

Majors in this category

Major Colleges Degrees Male/Female Intl Earnings Employment
Religion 577 4,688 53% / 47% 2% $49,912 93%
Religious Studies 227 983 53% / 47% 2% $52,580 94%
Theology 85 467 55% / 45% 3% $51,416 93%
Biblical Studies 54 407 68% / 32% 1% $48,438 91%
Ministry 30 399 40% / 60% 1% $49,385 94%
Christian Studies 46 281 59% / 41% 1% $47,910 94%
Religion/Religious Studies 96 269 45% / 55% 3% $51,410 94%
Bible/Biblical Studies 37 253 66% / 34% 0% $46,672 94%
Religion 51 171 44% / 56% 1% $55,552 93%
Youth Ministry 44 158 51% / 49% 2% $47,137 96%
Religious/Sacred Music 28 118 52% / 48% 1% $46,999 93%
Religious Education 22 116 37% / 63% 2% $46,183 98%
Divinity/Ministry 11 110 69% / 31% 2% $45,701 92%
Christian Ministry 12 108 62% / 38% 1% $48,833 96%
Theology/Theological Studies 24 107 40% / 60% 3% $48,878 89%
Jewish/Judaic Studies 32 73 29% / 71% 1% $55,584 92%
Pastoral Ministry 10 69 65% / 35% 1% $44,482 96%
Pastoral Studies/Counseling 14 67 55% / 45% 4% $46,564 94%
Biblical and Theological Studies 1 51 61% / 39% 0% $45,076 100%
Lay Ministry 15 48 42% / 58% 0% $44,064 95%
Missions/Missionary Studies 27 41 22% / 78% 0% $46,355 92%
Worship Ministry 14 39 49% / 51% 0% $51,070
Missions 12 36 33% / 67% 0% $51,816 100%
Ministry Leadership 1 30 47% / 53% 0% $32,647 82%
Pre-Theology 5 29 90% / 10% 0% $57,617 84%
Pre-Ministry 3 29 100% / 0% 0% $62,366 94%
Ministry Studies 5 28 68% / 32% 0% $50,046 89%
Theology and Religious Vocations 12 26 69% / 31% 4% $47,464 100%
Religion and Cultural Studies 1 14 36% / 64% 0% $48,435
Theological and Ministerial Studies 3 12 25% / 75% 0% $54,649 96%
World Missions 1 11 55% / 45% 0% $54,171
Worship Arts and Ministry 1 11 45% / 55% 0% $51,423
Specialized Ministry 2 10 50% / 50% 0% $46,086 94%
Biblical Counseling 1 9 22% / 78% 0% $80,599
Religious Vocations 1 9 44% / 56% 0% $41,970
Urban Ministry 6 8 50% / 50% 0% $46,234 85%
Worship Arts 3 8 38% / 62% 0% $46,490 85%
Pastoral Ministries 2 8 75% / 25% 0% $45,069 93%
Family Ministry 1 7 0% / 100% 0% $43,740
Pre-Ministerial Studies 1 7 71% / 29% 0% $44,152 86%
Religion and Culture 1 7 57% / 43% 0% $58,795
Judaic Studies 2 6 17% / 83% 0% $47,132
Religious Music and Worship 2 6 50% / 50% 0% $45,922
Church Music 4 5 40% / 60% 0% $45,374
Church Administration 1 5 60% / 40% 0% $45,948
Pastoral Counseling and Specialized Ministries 3 4 50% / 50% 0% $49,913
Pre-Theology/Pre-Ministerial Studies 2 4 75% / 25% 0% $54,984 96%
Christian Missions 1 3 100% / 0% 0% $41,614
Pre-Seminary Studies 1 3 67% / 33% 0% $45,357
Student Ministry 1 3 100% / 0% 0% $81,092
Catholic Studies 2 2 50% / 50% 0%
Pre-Theology/Pre-Ministerial 2 2 100% / 0% 0% $43,754
Theology and Ministerial Studies 2 2 50% / 50% 0% $59,816
Pastoral Counseling 1 2 100% / 0% 0% $44,322 96%
Islamic Studies 4 1 0% / 100% 0% $55,557
Pre-Ministry Studies 2 1 100% / 0% 0% $45,646
Christian Education 1 1 100% / 0% 0% $43,983
Jewish Studies 1 1 0% / 100% 0% $57,217
Theological Studies 1 1 100% / 0% 0% $52,800
Theology and Religious Studies 1 1 100% / 0% 0% $54,570
Youth and Family Ministry 1 1 100% / 0% 0% $44,694